Botanical Extracts Explained

Botanical raw materials can be transformed into several forms. In procurement, the distinction matters because it changes potency, solubility, shelf life and behaviour in the final formulation.

Essential oil

A volatile aromatic liquid obtained mainly by steam distillation. It contains the light compounds that travel with steam, while heavier bioactive compounds remain behind. It fits applications where aroma is the primary requirement.

CO₂ extract

Obtained with supercritical or subcritical CO₂. It can capture both light aromatics and heavier bioactive or resinous compounds, producing a profile closer to the original plant material than steam distillation alone.

Oleoresin

A concentrated, viscous extract containing volatile aroma together with non-volatile pigments, resins or waxes. Organic solvents are traditionally used, while CO₂ extraction can achieve a broad profile without organic-solvent residue.

Powder or standardized extract

A dried, sometimes carrier-blended form in which a marker compound is concentrated to a guaranteed level, such as Curcumin 95%. It is easy to dose and store but involves processing beyond the initial extraction.

What to ask your supplier

• Which extraction method was used, and does the profile match steam-distilled or CO₂-extracted material?
• Is the extract standardized to a marker compound, and by which analytical method?
• Is a carrier or solvent present in the final form?
• Does the form match the formulation’s solubility needs: oil-soluble or water-dispersible?